Do Today's Apple Mac Computers Run With the Same Internal Hardware as the Windows-based Pc

As already mentioned, in addition to the hardware, a reckoner also needs a set of programs—an operating system—to control the devices. This page will hash out the following:

• At that place are dissimilar kinds of operating systems: such as Windows, Linux and Mac OS
• There are also different versions of these operating systems, e.one thousand. Windows vii, 8 and ten
• Operating systems can exist used with different user interfaces (UI): text user interfaces (TUI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI) every bit examples
• Graphical user interfaces have many similarities in different operating systems: such equally the start menu, desktop etc.

When you can recognize the typical parts of each operating system'due south user interface, you will mostly be able to use both Windows and Linux equally well as due east.g. Mac Os.

The role of operating arrangement in the calculator

An operating system (Bone) is a set of programs which ensures the interoperability of the hardware and software in your computer. The operating organisation enables, among other things,

• the identification and activation of devices connected to the reckoner,
• the installation and use of programs, and
• the handling of files.

What happens when you plow on your computer or smartphone?
– The computer checks the functionality of its components and any devices connected to it, and starts to expect for the OS on a hard drive or other memory media.
– If the OS is found, the computer starts to load it into the RAM (Random Admission Memory).
– When the OS has loaded, the calculator waits for commands from you.

Different operating systems

Over the years, several different operating systems have been developed for different purposes. The virtually typical operating systems in ordinary computers are Windows, Linux and Mac OS.

Windows

The proper name of the Windows Os comes from the fact that programs are run in "windows": each program has its own window, and you can have several programs open at the aforementioned time. Windows is the most pop OS for dwelling house computers, and there are several versions of it. The newest version is Windows ten.

Linux and Unix

Linux is an open up-source OS, which means that its program code is freely available to software developers. This is why thousands of programmers around the world have developed Linux, and information technology is considered the near tested Bone in the world. Linux has been very much influenced by the commercial Unix OS.

In addition to servers, Linux is widely used in home computers, since there are a smashing number of free programs for it (for text and image processing, spreadsheets, publishing, etc.). Over the years, many dissimilar versions of Linux have become available for distribution, virtually of which are free for the user (such equally Ubuntu, Fedora and Mint, to name a few).

Mac Bone X

Apple'due south Mac computers take their own operating system, OS X. Most of the programs that are available for PCs are too available for Macs running under OS X, but these two types of computers cannot use the exact aforementioned programs: for example, yous cannot install the Mac version of the Microsoft Office suite on a Windows calculator. You can install other operating systems on Mac computers, just the Os X is only available for computers made past Apple. Apple'south lighter portable devices (iPads, iPhones) use a light version of the aforementioned operating system, called iOS.

Mac computers are pop because Bone X is considered fast, piece of cake to learn and very stable and Apple'southward devices are considered well-designed—though rather expensive.

Android

Android is an operating organization designed for phones and other mobile devices. Android is not available for desktop computers, but in mobile devices information technology is extremely popular: more than a half of all mobile devices in the world run on Android.

User interfaces

A user interface (UI) refers to the part of an operating system, programme, or device that allows a user to enter and receive data. A text-based user interface (come across the paradigm to the left) displays text, and its commands are commonly typed on a command line using a keyboard. With a graphical user interface (come across the right-hand paradigm), the functions are carried out past clicking or moving buttons, icons and menus by means of a pointing device.

Larger epitome: text UI | graphical UI

The images comprise the same information: a directory listing of a computer. You tin can often carry out the same tasks regardless of which kind of UI yous are using.

Text user interface (TUI)

Modern graphical user interfaces have evolved from text-based UIs. Some operating systems can still be used with a text-based user interface. In this case, the commands are entered every bit text (e.g., "cat story.txt").

To display the text-based Command Prompt in Windows, open up the Start bill of fare and type cmd. Printing Enter on the keyboard to launch the command prompt in a separate window. With the command prompt, you can type your commands from the keyboard instead of using the mouse.

Graphical user interface

In most operating systems, the main user interface is graphical, i.e. instead of typing the commands you dispense various graphical objects (such every bit icons) with a pointing device. The underlying principle of different graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is largely the same, then by knowing how to use a Windows UI, y'all will most likely know how to use Linux or another GUI.

Most GUIs have the following basic components:

• a start menu with program groups
• a taskbar showing running programs
• a desktop
• various icons and shortcuts.

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